air-quality

Abstract
Air pollution has emerged as a significant and complex environmental challenge in Bangladesh, with serious consequences for public health, environmental sustainability and economic development. The increasing rate of urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and other anthropogenic activities have led to the deterioration of air quality, mainly urban areas such as Dhaka, Chattogram, and Khulna. These cities frequently exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended thresholds for key pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). This analysis examines the multifaceted sources, effects and mitigation techniques of air pollution in urban areas of Bangladesh. It emphasizes health, environmental impacts and assesses the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks. This study scrutinizes the health risks associated with exposure to hazardous air pollutants, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as the broader environmental effects such as soil degradation, reduced visibility and contributions to climate change. Moreover, this study offers comprehensive and actionable solutions, such as more stringent air quality regulations, technology advancements, and improved public awareness initiatives, to mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution and protect public health and also environment in Bangladesh.